Not really, no. I also hadn't played the previous Stalker titles prior to picking this up. I did however read up on the Stalker lore and plot lines in the previous games to get a better grasp of the story in this one. I will highly urge you to do the same, read up or watch a video or two on the Stalker story thus far. It will really help you to understand things in this new outing.
Also, even after you have read about the Stalker universe and characters in the previous games the story in Stalker 2 will might seem quite confusing to begin with... at least to me it did! It might even seem chaotic and throw you off. But stick to it because you will slowly get the hang of the plot.